La FDA de EEUU alertó que los implantes mamarios podrían estar relacionados con otros tipos de cáncer /The US FDA warned that breast implants could be related to other types of cancer
La Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos norteamericano documentó el desarrollo de tumores en el tejido cicatricial que se forma alrededor de las prótesis
La Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA) advirtió a las mujeres que tienen implantes mamarios o que están pensando en ponérselos que ciertos cánceres pueden desarrollarse en el tejido cicatricial que se forma alrededor de los implantes.
Según detalla The New York Times, los cánceres parecen ser poco frecuentes, pero se han relacionado con implantes de todo tipo, incluidos los de superficie texturizada y lisa, y los rellenos de solución salina o silicona.
Los científicos ya habían relacionado un cáncer inusual llamado linfoma anaplásico de células grandes principalmente con los implantes texturizados, cuyos exteriores rugosos presumiblemente causan más inflamación que los de los implantes lisos. Pero la nueva advertencia hace foco sobre otro cáncer, llamado carcinoma de células escamosas, y también sobre otros tipos de linfoma que pueden estar relacionados con los implantes.
Si bien la FDA solo documentó 20 casos de carcinoma, y menos de 30 casos de linfomas inesperados en la cápsula que rodea el implante mamario, afirmó que -dada la historia de los implantes y su uso generalizado- la preocupación estaba justificada.
La FDA aclaró que las mujeres con implantes mamarios no tienen que alterar su monitoreo médico, sino simplemente estar atentas a los posibles síntomas que incluyen inflamación, bultos o cambios en la piel.
Aunque los linfomas y otros cánceres en la zona que rodea al implante pueden ser poco frecuentes, “los proveedores de atención sanitaria y las personas que tienen o están considerando la posibilidad de tener implantes mamarios deben ser conscientes de que se han notificado casos a la FDA”, advirtió la agencia.
En un año normal, unas 400.000 mujeres se ponen implantes mamarios en Estados Unidos, 300.000 por motivos estéticos y 100.000 para la reconstrucción tras mastectomías realizadas para tratar o prevenir el cáncer de mama.
El año pasado, agrega el NYT, la FDA colocó las denominadas etiquetas de recuadro negro en los implantes mamarios, advirtiendo de que se habían relacionado con una serie de enfermedades crónicas, como enfermedades autoinmunes, dolores articulares, confusión mental, dolores musculares y fatiga crónica, así como con el linfoma.
Alertaron, además, que entre las personas con mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades posteriores se encuentran las pacientes con cáncer de mama que se han sometido o tienen previsto someterse a tratamientos de quimioterapia o radioterapia, y que representan un gran porcentaje de las mujeres a las que se anima a someterse a una reconstrucción mamaria con implantes.
Las fumadoras y las mujeres que padecen lupus o diabetes también corren un mayor riesgo de sufrir complicaciones, según la FDA.
Las recomendaciones de la FDA para las personas que tienen o están considerando los implantes mamarios:
-Infórmese sobre los riesgos y beneficios de los implantes mamarios.
-Si tiene implantes mamarios, no es necesario que cambie su atención médica rutinaria ni su seguimiento.
-Tenga en cuenta que se han notificado casos de carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) y diversos linfomas en la cápsula que rodea el implante mamario.
-Controle sus implantes mamarios mientras los tenga. Si nota algún cambio anormal en sus mamas o implantes, hable rápidamente con su cirujano o proveedor de atención médica.
-Si no tiene síntomas, la FDA no recomienda la retirada de los implantes mamarios.
Breast Implants: Reports of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Various Lymphomas in Capsule Around Implants: FDA Safety Communication
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is informing the public about reports of cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and various lymphomas, in the scar tissue (capsule) that forms around breast implants. The various lymphomas reported are not the same as the lymphomas described in previous FDA Communications as Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). The FDA learned about these reports through our continual postmarket review of breast implants and our ongoing collaboration with external stakeholders.
After preliminary review of published literature as part of our ongoing monitoring of the safety of breast implants, the FDA is aware of less than 20 cases of SCC and less than 30 cases of various lymphomas in the capsule around the breast implant. As of September 1, 2022, the FDA has received 10 medical device reports (MDRs) about SCC related to breast implants and 12 MDRs about various lymphomas related to breast implants. The FDA recognizes the limitations of MDR data, including that reports do not necessarily represent unique cases. Reports submitted to the FDA are just one source the FDA uses to monitor the safety of medical devices, in addition to mandated postmarket studies, published literature, and real-world data from registries and claims databases. The FDA will continue to gather and review all available data from these sources to evaluate the occurrence of cancers in the capsule around breast implants.
While the FDA believes that occurrences of SCC or various lymphomas in the capsule around the breast implant may be rare, health care providers and people who have or are considering breast implants should be aware that cases have been reported to the FDA and in the literature. Currently, the incidence rate and risk factors for SCC and various lymphomas in the capsule around the breast implants are unknown. When breast implant information was provided, there have been literature reports of SCC and various lymphomas in the capsule around the breast implants for both textured and smooth breast implants, and for both saline and silicone breast implants. In some cases, people were diagnosed after years of having breast implants. Some of the reported signs and symptoms included swelling, pain, lumps or skin changes.
This is an emerging issue and our understanding is evolving. For this reason, the FDA is asking health care providers and people with breast implants to report cases of SCC, lymphomas, or any other cancers around the breast implant to the FDA.
Recommendations for People who Have or Are Considering Breast Implants
- If you are considering breast implants or if you have them, learn more about the risks and benefits of breast implants.
- If you have breast implants, you do not need to change your routine medical care or follow-up.
- Be aware that cases of SCC and various lymphomas in the capsule around the breast implant have been reported.
- Monitor your breast implants for as long as you have them. If you notice any abnormal changes in your breasts or implants, promptly talk to your surgeon or health care provider.
- If you do not have symptoms, the FDA does not recommend the removal of breast implants because of this safety communication.
- If you have breast implants and experience a problem, the FDA encourages you to file a report through MedWatch, the FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting program. Your report, along with information from other sources, can provide information that helps improve patient safety.
Recommendations for Health Care Providers
- Continue to provide routine care and support to your patients with breast implants.
- Be aware that cases of SCC and various lymphomas in the capsule around the breast implant have been reported.
- When examining breast implant specimens (for example, seroma, capsule, devices) for diagnostic evaluation, characterize all findings and potential diagnoses.
- Report cases of SCC, lymphomas, and any other cancers in the capsule around the breast implant to the FDA. Prompt reporting of adverse events can help the FDA identify and better understand the risks associated with medical devices.
Currently, these recommendations do not change or affect the recommendations previously provided by FDA on BIA-ALCL.
FDA Actions
The FDA is continually evaluating the postmarket safety of approved breast implants and communicating about the risks associated with these devices. Since 2011, the FDA has been collecting and evaluating information about BIA-ALCL. The FDA will collaborate with other regulatory authorities, clinical and scientific experts, manufacturers, and breast implant registries, to gather all available information about SCC, lymphomas, and any other cancers in the capsule around the breast implant. We will continue to communicate to the public on significant findings as new information and analyses become available.
Questions?
If you have questions, email the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) at [email protected] or call 800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100.
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