Estos países y megaciudades podrían desaparecer si no frenamos la subida del nivel del mar a tiempo / Rising seas are a ‘death sentence’ for some nations and will shake ‘mega-cities on every continent,’ UN chief says
por Sergio Guinaldo
Esta semana, un estudio publicado en la revista Nature ha puesto cifras a un problema de carácter internacional sobre el que ni el último informe de evaluación del Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC) ha logrado ponerse de acuerdo.
Según el estudio, el deshielo de la Antártida y de Groenlandia, con su consecutiva subida del nivel del mar, será “inminente” si no logramos estabilizar el calentamiento global a tiempo. Esto se conseguiría si logramos situar el aumento de la temperatura global para los próximos años por debajo de los 1,8 grados (en relación a los niveles preindustriales).
En cifras, el modelo matemático empleado por los investigadores consideró que el desbordamiento de la capa de hielo solo podrá evitarse si el mundo alcanza las emisiones netas de carbono cero antes del año 2060.
“Si no cumplimos con este objetivo de emisiones, las capas de hielo se desintegrarán y se derretirán a un ritmo acelerado, según nuestros cálculos. Si no tomamos ninguna medida, el retroceso de las capas de hielo seguiría aumentando el nivel del mar en al menos 100 centímetros en los próximos 130 años. Y esto se sumaría a otras contribuciones, como la expansión térmica del agua oceánica”, apunta Axel Timmermann, director del Centro de Física del Clima IBS.
“Éxodo masivo a escala bíblica”
Precisamente, esta misma semana también se ha pronunciado sobre este tema el secretario general de la ONU, António Guterres, quien ha alertado que la subida del nivel del mar puede provocar consecuencias “impensables” si no actuamos de inmediato.
“Comunidades bajas y países enteros podrían desaparecer para siempre. Seríamos testigos de un éxodo masivo de poblaciones enteras a escala bíblica. Y veríamos una competencia cada vez más feroz por el agua dulce, la tierra y otros recursos”, ha vaticinado Guterres.
Según las cifras arrojadas por el secretario general, el nivel del mar se elevaría considerablemente pese a que el mundo lograra limitar a 1,5 grados el aumento de la temperatura global para fin de siglo. Y si llegara a los 2 grados, la elevación del agua se duplicaría.
“El peligro es especialmente grave para los casi 900 millones de personas que viven en zonas costeras a poca altura, es decir, uno de cada diez habitantes del planeta”, advirtió el mandatario.
“Bajo cualquier escenario, países como Bangladés, China, India y Países Bajos están en riesgo. Megaciudades en todos los continentes se enfrentan a serios impactos incluyendo El Cairo, Lagos, Maputo, Bangkok, Daca, Yarkarta, Bombay, Shanghái, Copenhague, Londres, Los Ángeles, Nueva York, Buenos Aires y Santiago”, señaló Guterres como ejemplos.
Para paliar esta situación, el secretario general ha instado a actuar en tres áreas. La primera, hacer frente a la crisis climática, para reducir las emisiones de carbono y garantizar la justicia climática; la segunda, implementar estrategias que pongan fin a la pobreza, la discriminación, la desigualdad y las violaciones de derechos humanos; y la tercera, mejorar los sistemas de previsión y las alerta temprana para preparar y proteger a las comunidades vulnerables.
Rising seas are a ‘death sentence’ for some nations and will shake ‘mega-cities on every continent,’ UN chief says
BY EDITH M. LEDERER, JENNIFER MCDERMOTT AND THE ASSOCIATED PRESS / The United Nations chief warned Tuesday that global sea levels have risen faster since 1900 and their relentless increase puts countries like Bangladesh, China, India and the Netherlands at risk and acutely endangers nearly 900 million people living in low-lying coastal areas.
In a grim speech to the Security Council’s first-ever meeting on the threat to international peace and security from rising sea levels, Secretary-General Antonio Guterres declared that sea levels will rise significantly even if global warming is “miraculously” limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit), the elusive international goal.
He warned the Earth is more likely on a path to warming that amounts to “a death sentence” for countries vulnerable to that rise, including many small island nations.
In addition to threatened countries, Guterres said, “mega-cities on every continent will face serious effects, including Cairo, Lagos, Maputo, Bangkok, Dhaka, Jakarta, Mumbai, Shanghai, Copenhagen, London, Los Angeles, New York, Buenos Aires and Santiago.”
The U.N. chief stressed that every fraction of a degree in global warming counts, since sea level rise could double if temperatures rise by 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), and could increase exponentially with further temperature increases.
The World Meteorological Organization released data Tuesday spelling out the grave danger of rising seas, Guterres said.
“Global average sea levels have risen faster since 1900 than over any preceding century in the last 3,000 years,” he said. “The global ocean has warmed faster over the past century than at any time in the past 11,000 years.”
According to the data cited by Guterres, the global mean sea level will rise by about 2 to 3 meters (about 6.5 to 9.8 feet) over the next 2,000 years if warming is limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius. With a 2-degree Celsius increase, seas could rise up to 6 meters (19.7 feet), and with a 5-degree Celsius increase, seas could rise up to 22 meters (72 feet), according to the WMO.
“Our world is hurtling past the 1.5-degree warming limit that a livable future requires, and with present policies, is careening towards 2.8 degrees — a death sentence for vulnerable countries,” Guterres said.
The consequences are unthinkable, Guterres said. Low-lying communities and entire countries could disappear, the world would witness a mass exodus of entire populations on a biblical scale, and competition would become ever fiercer for fresh water, land and other resources.
Guterres has been trying to call the world’s attention to the dangers posed by climate change, to spur action.
In October, he warned that the world is in “a life-or-death struggle” for survival as “climate chaos gallops ahead” and accused the world’s 20 wealthiest countries of failing to do enough to stop the planet from overheating. In November, he said the planet is heading toward irreversible “climate chaos” and urged global leaders to put the world back on track to cut emissions, keep promises on climate financing and help developing countries speed their transition to renewable energy.
The landmark Paris agreement adopted in 2015 to address climate change called for global temperatures to rise a maximum of 2 degrees Celsius by the end of the century compared to pre-industrial times, and as close as possible to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
Guterres said the world must address the climate crisis as the root cause of rising seas, and the Security Council has a critical role to play in building the political will required.
The Security Council meeting, organized by Malta, which holds the council presidency this month, heard speakers from some 75 countries, large and small, endangered and landlocked, all voicing concern about the impact of the contining rising seas on the future of the world — and for some, the survival of their own countries.
Samoa’s U.N. ambassador, Fatumanava-o-Upolu III Pa’olelei Luteru, speaking on behalf of the Alliance of Small Island States which he chairs, told the council: “There is a litany of new examples of the sudden and slow onset impact of climate change on small islands, from king tides, to super hurricanes to the unstoppable and unprecedented rise in sea levels.”
The impact on people and the economies of the islands “will continue to be extraordinary,” he said, raising issues of their survival and continuation as states.
Alliance members “are among the lowest emitters of greenhouse gases that drive climate change and sea level rise. Yet, we face some of the most severe consequences of rising sea levels,” Lutero said. “To expect small island state to shoulder the burden of sea level rise, without assistance from the international community will be the pinnacle of inequities.”
He said that cooperation to address rising seas is “a legal obligation” for every country, and that there is an urgent need for nations to fulfill their international commitments on climate change and finance.
Ambassador Amatlain Kabua of the Marshall Islands said many of the tools to address climate change and rising seas are already in from of the Security Council, and “more focused action from the international system can be invited.” But she said, “What is needed most in the political will to start the job, supported by a U.N. special representative” to spur global action.
U.S. Ambassador Linda Thomas-Greenfield said that “the threat of sea level rise is real, it is a direct result of our climate crisis, and it is a matter of international peace and security.”
“The council must take action,” she said, pointing to the threat of hundreds of millions in low-lying coastal areas losing their homes, livelihoods and communities.
“Fortunately, the worst impacts can be avoided, but we have to act now, and we have to act together,” Thomas-Greenfield said.
General Assembly President Csaba Kőrösi said, “At the current rate, sea levels will be 1 to 1.6 meters higher by 2100, according to the World Climate Research Program.”
“In the Nile and Mekong Deltas — some of the richest agricultural regions in the world — ten to twenty percent of arable land will sink beneath the waves,” he said.
“Climate induced sea-level rise is also provoking new legal questions that are at the very core of national and state identity. What happens to a nation’s sovereignty — including U.N. membership — if it sinks beneath the sea?” he asked.
“Science tells us that whether cities or countries disappear depends on whether we as humans counteract the threat,” Kőrösi said.
February 15, 2023 at 11:25 AM GMT-5
More from the original source: https://fortune.com/2023/02/15/rising-sea-levels-death-sentence-united-nations-antonio-guterres-mega-cities-every-continent/
Debe estar conectado para enviar un comentario.