Sal extra a las comidas aumenta riesgo de muerte prematura / Adding Salt to Your Food May Increase Risk of Premature Death

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Un estudio difundido en el European Heart Journal, encontró evidencias sobre el riesgo mortal aumentado tras el consumo de una pizca de sal extra en las comidas diarias.

Hecha en más de 500.000 personas, la investigación liderada por la experta científica Lu Qi, de la facultad de Salud Pública y Medicina Tropical de la Universidad de Tulane en Nueva Orleans, Estados Unidos.

La conclusión fue que el riesgo elevado de muerte prematura se incrementó hasta 28% en comparativa con aquellos que no lo hacían o lo hacían esporádicamente.

De acuerdo a la data obtenida, cerca del 3% de la población con edades entre los 40 y 69 años de edad fallece de manera prematura por condimentar con sal extra las comidas.

“Es la primera en evaluar la relación entre agregar sal a los alimentos y la muerte prematura”, aseguró la líder principal del estudio, Lu Qi.

Igualmente, la investigación encontró que la esperanza de vida es mucho más baja en las personas que agregaban constantemente un extra de sal en sus comidas.

“Respalda las recomendaciones para modificar los comportamientos alimentarios en pro de una mejor salud. Incluso una reducción modesta en la ingesta de sodio, agregando menos o nada de sal a los alimentos en la mesa, es probable que resulte beneficiosa, especialmente cuando se logra en la población general”, añadió Lu Qi.

Como recomendación final, el grupo de expertos instó a sostener una dieta baja en sodio, y quitar la costumbre extendida de agregar sal al plato una vez que ya fue servido.

Adding Salt to Your Food May Increase Risk of Premature Death

• Researchers say adding salt and sodium to your food can increase your risk of premature death.
• Experts say many people are accustomed to extra salt in their food, so it can be difficult to reduce their daily intake of sodium.
• They note that many canned foods as well as prepared sauces and marinades contain high levels of salt.
• They recommend using other herbs and spices when you prepare food from scratch.

Adding salt to your food could take years off your life.

That’s according to a new study looking at the relationship between salt and sodium intake and premature death.

Premature death in the study published in the European Heart Journal is defined as death before the age of 75 years.

The study participants were followed for an average of nine years. Researchers reported that the people who always added salt to their food had a 28% increased risk of dying prematurely compared with those who never or rarely added salt to their food.

However, the researchers also found that increasing the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables weakened the association between salt use at mealtimes and premature death.

Based on their data, the researchers noted a reduced life expectancy at the age of 50 in people who always added salt to their food compared to those who never or rarely added salt. This was a reduction of 1.5 years for women and 2.3 years for men.

The study results took into account factors that could affect outcomes, such as:

Age
Race
Sex
Body mass index (BMI)
Smoking
Alcohol intake
Physical activity
Diet
Medical conditions such as diabetes, cancer, and heart and blood vessel diseases.
Dr. Lu Qi, a lead study author and director of the Tulane University Obesity Research Center in New Orleans, said to their knowledge this study is the first to assess the relationship between adding salt to foods and premature death.

“It provides novel evidence to support recommendations to modify eating behaviors for improving health,” Qi said in a press release.

“Even a modest reduction in sodium intake, by adding less or no salt to food at the table, is likely to result in substantial health benefits, especially when it is achieved in the general population,” he added.

What experts have to say
Amy Bragagnini, MS, RD, CSO, an oncology nutrition specialist at Trinity Health Lacks Cancer Center in Michigan as well as a spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, says she was not surprised that the study found people who add salt to their food have a higher risk of dying prematurely.

Bragagnini says people still add salt to food for several reasons, including:

They may have grown up in a family where adding salt was a normal event.
A person who typically adds salt has an affinity for salty-tasting foods.
This baseline salty taste of food starts a cycle of desiring more and more of the seasoning.
Desire can lead people to choosing heavily processed and salty food more often and may create a situation where people are not satisfied with eating more natural tasting foods (i.e. fruits and vegetables, lean protein) without finding a way to add salt.
Marissa Licata is a registered dietitian at Northwell Health’s Katz Institute for Women’s Health in New York.

She says adding salt to your food can get out of control quickly. This is a concern because all that extra sodium can raise blood pressure and high blood pressure contributes to heart disease and stroke, Licata explained.

“If heart disease runs in your family you would be wise to be proactive and be mindful about your salt consumption while you’re still young and healthy,” she told Healthline.

Is some salt healthier?
Bragagnini told Healthline that she gets asked a lot about salt.

Common questions include: “Is Pink Himalayan salt better for me than regular salt?” and “Since Kosher salt is bigger than regular salt, people will use less of it, right?”

She explains that these are common misconceptions when it comes to all the fancy salts in the seasoning aisle at the grocery store.

“The main difference between all the different types of salt is whether or not it is iodized,” explained Bragagnini.

She says sea salt and table salt are naturally iodized, but Himalayan salt and Kosher salt are generally not iodized.

“The reason I bring this up is because the chemical element iodine is not made in our body, but it is important for a healthy thyroid and other body functions… but, because sodium is an abundant part of the typical American diet, we are likely getting plenty of iodine,” Bragagnini said.

Therefore, she recommended consumers not stock up on iodized salt.

Nutrition advice on salt in the diet
Experts say you should stop and take a look at everything you’re eating to get an idea of how much salt you’re consuming.

This is the first piece of advice Bragagnini gives her clients who come to her with questions, including managing salt intake.

Licata agrees that food labels are important to look at. “You want to purchase foods with no added sodium,” she says.

Licata has these tips for reducing sodium in your diet:

Avoid high-sodium condiments such as soy sauce, teriyaki, Worchester sauce, ketchup, and salad dressings
Choose low sodium alternatives
Avoid ultra-processed food such as boxed rice mixes with added seasoning packets
Limit canned soups (avoid most)
Check bread labels (look for products that have 140 mg or less per serving as that’s what qualifies as a low sodium food product)
How to reduce your salt intake over time
We get acclimated to our taste preferences, so it takes time to work down how much sodium and salt you are adding to your food, says Licata.

“To change your taste preferences, gradually add less sodium to your diet,” she says. “It works, it just takes time, patience, and persistence.”

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025, recommendTrusted Source keeping dietary sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day.

Bragagnini says if her client is consuming 8,000 mg of sodium on a day-to-day basis, she would not recommend that they drop down to 2,300 mg all at once, saying it’s not a sustainable method.

“I suspect the person would not be able to continue eating that way for long,” she notes.

“The key is to do a step-down process,” she said. “Start by taking the products that provide the most sodium to their diet (soy sauce, soup, packaged seasoned rice, lunch meat) and getting the lower sodium version of the product.”

“Add more fruits and veggies to their diet which will automatically reduce overall sodium intake,” adds Bragagnini.

And remember that taste buds will eventually adapt and you will begin to enjoy the more natural flavor of food, adds Licata.

At that point, you can try substituting dried herbs and seasonings in place of salt or salted seasonings.

Kara Burnstine, MS, RD, LDN, a nutrition educator at Pritkin Longevity Center + Spa in Florida, recommends dining in more often and being mindful when preparing your own food.

She suggests using spices such as garlic or onion powder instead of salt. She also warns against canned foods as well as preprepared sauces and marinades as they tend to have high salt content.

“It’s nice to have control of what’s in your foods,” Burnstine told Healthline. “There are so many herbs and spices we can use without salt to make our meals flavorful.” https://www.healthline.com/health-news